Before review PDM from variety Manufacturer, we should know some basic of Power Ditribution Modules Design.

Basic Design of Power Distribution Module

Basic design of Power Distribution is simple. It should have switch, Fuse, Load. And There’re some sequence of circuit above. This showed Below

As showed above, the difference is only position of switch. Based on My experience, HIGH SIDE sequence is common used.

The other components beside fuse, switch, load are may feature of PDM, and it will create unique signature from many manufacturers. And we will showed some that variety. I divide it to Classic Fuse Box, Fuse box with relay, FET PDM, Adjustable Fuse PDM, and Complex Advance PDM.

Classic Fuse Box

This type is pretty simple, just like basic of PDM. still exist in marketplace. And ez to use. This circuit are showed below

it looks simple, but cant applied to high power/High Current load. Because it directly flow current to switch that contacted by Human and it is danger. And to prevent it, we continue to Fuse box with Relay

Fuse box with Relay

said before, this type is safer than classic fusebox. this circuit is showed below

This circuit more friendly, because switch only pass low current. Smaller than current that direct flow to LOAD. the low current depends on Relay coil’s impedance.

With scheme above, User can use variety switch and more dynamic scenario. From Mechanical switch, or maybe Sensor Switch. it depends on user’s needs.

Fusebox with relay offers ez and safer option for Power Distribution Module. This type are commonly used by many Vehicle Manufacturer, maybe we can see in our own car/motorsycle. Because it is cheap technology, and solve some problems.

But we know, Relay are electromechanical component. There’s an Mechanical process. for some case, it doesnt handle mechanical noise like vibration, or maybe collision. My friend cant sleep over night to troubleshoot his motorcycle’s problems. His Motorcycle’s relay switched when faced street potholes hahaha.

For issue above, it solved by FET PDM.

FET PDM

The scheme is same like Fusebox with relay. but it replace relay with Semiconductor Component, like BJT, but commonly MOSFET.

Unlike before, This type is full controlled by electronics. Maybe only switch that controlled by mechanic process.But overall it minimize mechanical noise, but maybe replace by electrical noise. But it’s okay, more ez to control

Unlikely relay based switch, different sequence type(High side/Low Side) is using different type of MOSFET. High Side switching using P-Channel MOSFET, Low side switching using N-Channel MOSFET. Maybe because of V_gs trigger that controller MOSFET. As mentioned, High side type is common used, and P-Channel MOSFET is more expensive than N-Channel.

This type is common used by modified car as upgrade. And this type is more expensive than fusebox with relay. And this type can upgrading to “Adjustable Fuse” Power Distribution Module, that describe below.

Adjustable Fuse PDM.

Adjustable Fuse doesn’t mean it has fuse that can change its current limit. Additional current sensor and microcontroller, make it happen. Microcontroller reads current, and when it’s over than user’s limit, it will cut off switches directly. PDM with current sensor and microcontroller makes pretty good feature.

This feature allow user can “adjust” fuse limit without changing fuse hardware. We can change current limit by software. And this benefit enable us to change current limit with wide range current value. We can limit at 15.1 A, or 12.9 A, or 18.7A, or whatever fucking current limit value, dude. it’s awesome.

It still has Hardware fuse. But using highest current limit in single channel. Like the idea of fuse, protect short circuit on Load, and also MOSFET, and also the current sensor. The circuit is showed below.

+Vbat — FUSE — Current Sensor — MOSFET — Load — GND

Features above is overkill for PDM. and mentioned above, additional current sensor means additional cost. Of course it will be more expensive. But I am going to describe boss of expensive PDM feature.

Complex Advance PDM

There is it, Boss of PDM. It just add Communication between electronics module. Most common is applying CANBUS communication. It only need 4 cable, or even 2 Cable. There are connecting CAN H, CAN L, Power(Optional), ground (optional). Even there’re are dozens input for switching, it need 4 cable for CAN bus to connect between input module and PDM.

besides CAN bus, Manufacturer add logical function for switching load. It’s allowing us to create complex scenario like starting engine maybe. Or an cool scenario for open vehicle’s car. Or maybe for controlling Hydraulic suspension valve to make car dancing like a GTA San Andreas’s mission.

The design of this type is showed below.

[Diagram Block of design]

This type are Former type PDM by Power Distribution Module than 2 types before. Because Microcontroller/Processor has bundled feature like ADC, I/O, and CAN Bus, so Manufacturers maximize this feature to develop advance complex PDM. But I don’t know exactly, I never have PDM, just curious about it.

Next time, i will write comparison about real PDM. and also guess what inside it.

The post Basic Power Distribution Module Variety appeared first on Colekmes.

Enak atau gaknya mobil di jalan ditentukan oleh ban. Mesin mobil yang bagus gak akan enak jika memakai ban yang buruk. 

Oleh karena itu, sangat penting merawat tekanan ban.

Kali ini kami membahas suatu alat dari ban yakni TPMS. TPMS adalah singkatan dari Tire-Pressure Monitoring system atau Sistem monitoring tekanan ban.

Alat ini fokus untuk memantau tekanan ban. Dan bahkan pada TPMS tertentu juga mengukur temperaturnya.

Memantau tekanan ban ini sangat penting oleh mobil balap seperti F1, Formula E, dan motor sports lainnya. Selain itu, menjadi pertimbangan yang baik untuk menjaga performa mobil. Dan bahkan wajib digunakan pada mobil dan truk.

Pentingnya menjaga Tekanan BAN

Sebelum membahas alat TPMS, kami memberikan fakta tentang tekanan ban.

Fakta pertama, Penjagaan tekanan ban yang baik memberikan efisiensi bahan bakar, mengurangi jarak pengereman, mengingkat pengendalian mobil, dan meningkatkan umur ban. 

Kedua, kekurangan tekanan ban akan terjadi overheating dan dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan. Hal ini membuat National Highway Transport Safety Authority(NHTSA) Amerika Serikat melakukan investigasi pada penerapan peringatan tekanan rendah pada kendaraan pada tahun 2000.

Ketiga, Hasil investigasi diatas menyebabkan kendaraan penumpang dan truk di Amerika Serikat diwajibkan memiliki sistem monitoring tekanan ban sejak 2008.

Fakta-fakta diatas menunjukan pentingnya menjaga tekanan ban. Dan bahkan mampu mengefisienkan penggunaan bahan bakar. Tentunya ini akan berdampak pada bisnis.

Metode yang dipakai pada TPMS

Dengan pentingnya menjaga tekanan ban, penggunaan TPMS menjadi penting dan bahkan standar kelayakan mobil. Hal ini menyebabkan riset tentang TPMS cukup banyak. Sampai saat ini, terdapat 2 metode TPMS yakni, Direct Tire Pressure Monitoring System(dTPMS) atau TPMS secara langsung, dan Indirect Tire Pressure Monitoring System (iTPMS) atau TPMS tidak langsung.

Metode direct TPMS

Direct TPMS atau TPMS langsung merupakan metode pengukuran tekanan langsung ke ban.

Metode ini memiliki konsep yang sederhana, namun disisi lain akan sulit membuat perangkatnya. Karena perangkat harus mengirimkan data secara nirkabel/wireless. Selain itu, juga harus memiliki baterai yang kecil sehingga sistem pengukuran harus menggunakan daya yang sangat kecil.

Selain itu, keterbatasan tempat pada ban serta tekanan dan temperatur yang tinggi menyebabkan desain TPMS harus sekecil mungkin, serta menggunakan material yang khusus. 

Dengan beberapa tantangan diatas menyebabkan barang TPMS ini cukup mahal. Walaupun begitu, sepaket TPMS sudah memberikan pengukuran tekanan ban mobil yang akurat beserta indikator peringatan pada pusat sistemnya. Selain itu, TPMS ini pada beberapa kesempatan harus melakukan sinkronisasi pada setiap bannya ke pusat sistemnya.

Metode indirect TPMS

Selanjutnya Indirect TPMS atau TPMS tak langsung merupakan sistem monitoring tekanan ban tanpa mengetahui tekanan bannya. Metode ini hanya membaca kecepatan putar setiap roda dan melakukan pemrosesan sinyal melalui kontrollernya.

Konsep metode ini memerlukan perangkat keras yang sederhana, namun memerlukan software yang telah teruji pada kontrollernya. Yang artinya, pengembangan softwarenya lebih rumit daripada hardwarenya. 

Indirect TPMS secara general lebih murah dari Direct TPMS, dan biasanya telah tersedia pada mobil tanpa perlu membelinya. Tidak seperti direct TPMS yang dengan jelas menampilkan tekanan pada ban, Indirect TPMS hanya bisa memberikan sebuah indikator menandakan tekanan kurang atau sejenisnya.

Kedua Metode TPMS akan dijelaskan secara detail masing pada konten yang berbeda. Namun ini, kita sudah tahu mengapa TPMS itu penting.

Dengan memakai TPMS, kita dapat mengurangi angka kecelakaan dan memberikan efisiensi penggunaan bahan bakar. Selain itu, juga untuk menjaga keselamatan berkendara, dan menjaga kelangsungan bisnis di bidang transportasi. Pemilihan tipe TPMS juga menjadi pertimbangan yang menarik antara Indirect atau direct TPMS, semuanya bergantung kepada keperluan. 

Semoga Bermanfaat 🙂

The post Sistem Monitoring Tekanan Ban atau TPMS : Perkenalan appeared first on Colekmes.